Article by Mirifar, Keil, and Ehrlenspiel entitled “Neurofeedback and Neural Self-regulation: A new perspective based on Allostasis” has been accepted for publication in the journal Reviews in the Neurosciences. In this study, Mirifar et al. investigated the mechanisms underlying neurofeedback training and provided an overarching theoretical framework to integrate a wide spectrum of studies differing in species, brain measures, and tasks examined. This review study, moreover, addresses and provides solutions for the highly debated questions in the field of neurofeedback.